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3863975-104076530 January 202302000030 January 2023December 2022Foreign trade with non-EU countriesData on Italy’s foreign trade with non-EU27 countries in December 2022 are preliminary. The results of the survey on total foreign trade in December 2022 will be disseminated on coming 16 February 2023.In December 2022, exports to non-EU27 countries increased by 18.2% and imports rose by 11.3% compared with the same month of the previous year.In December 2022, in seasonally adjusted terms, exports decreased by 2.6% and imports by 4.2% compared with November 2022. Over the last three months, seasonally adjusted data, compared with the previous three months, showed a 1.6% increase in outgoing flows and a 11.0% decrease in incoming flows. In December 2022 the trade balance with non-EU27 countries registered a surplus of 4,084 million euro compared to the surplus of 2,224 million euro in December 2021; excluding energy, the surplus was equal to 13,328 million euro, up compared with a 9,230-million-euro surplus in December 2021.CHART 1. TRADE FLOWS WITH NON–EU27 COUNTRIES AND TRADE BALANCESJanuary 2017 – December 2022, monthly import and export, 3 months moving average (left scale) and trade balances in billions of euros (right scale), seasonally adjusted data CHART 2. TRADE FLOWS WITH NON–EU27 COUNTRIES, MONTH ON SAME MONTH A YEAR AGO PERCENTAGE CHANGES January 2018 – December 2022, non- seasonally adjusted data TABLE 1. EXPORTS, IMPORTS AND TRADE BALANCE WITH NON-EU27 COUNTRIES December 2022, months on same months a year ago and months on previous months percentage changes, trade balance in millions of eurosSEASONALLY ADJUSTEDNON-SEASONALLY ADJUSTEDMillions of eurosMonths on previous monthsMillions of eurosMonths on same months a year agoDec. 2022Dec. 22Nov. 22Oct.-Dec. 22Jul.-Sep. 22Dec. 2022Jan.-Dec. 22Dec. 22Dec. 21Jan.-Dec. 22Jan.-Dec. 21Exports+25.874-2,6+1,6+27.575+295.779+18,2+20,2Imports+25.587-4,2-11,0+23.491+321.343+11,3+54,3Trade balance+287  +4.084-25.564  TABLE 2. EXPORTS, IMPORTS AND TRADE BALANCE WITH NON-EU27 COUNTRIES BY MAIN INDUSTRIAL GROUPINGS December 2022, shares, months on same months a year ago percentage changes, trade balance in millions of eurosMIGSEXPORTSIMPORTSTRADE BALANCESShare(a)Months on same months a year agoShare(a)Months on same months a year agoMillions of eurosDec. 22Dec. 21Jan.-Dec. 22Jan.-Dec. 21Dec. 22Dec. 21Jan.-Dec. 22Jan.-Dec. 21Dec. 2022Jan.-Dec. 22Consumer goods16,6+15,6+22,210,0-1,0+26,4+5.114+44.928- consumer durables3,3+4,3+16,11,8-19,5+8,9+1.036+10.558- consumer non-durables13,3+18,3+23,78,2+3,0+30,1+4.078+34.369Capital goods16,5+24,2+14,17,5+6,5+24,2+6.796+53.284Intermediate goods12,6+12,7+18,214,4-4,0+29,6+1.418-11.767Energy1,6+22,4+77,611,5+30,9+129,1-9.243-112.009Total (except energy)45,7+18,0+18,231,8-0,3+27,3+13.328+86.445Total47,3+18,2+20,243,3+11,3+54,3+4.084-25.564 (a) Calculated on 2021 total foreign trade.TABLE 3. EXPORTS, IMPORTS AND TRADE BALANCES WITH NON-EU27 COUNTRIES BY MAIN TRADE PARTNER December 2022, shares, months on same months a year ago percentage changes for imports and exports and trade balance in millions of eurosCOUNTRIESEXPORTSIMPORTSTRADE BALANCEShare(a)Months on same months a year agoShare(a)Months on same months a year agoMillions of eurosDec. 22Dec. 21Jan.-Dec. 22Jan.-Dec. 21Dec. 22Dec. 21Jan.-Dec. 22Jan.-Dec. 21Dec. 2022Jan.-Dec. 22European non-EU countries15,1+9,3+13,911,9-24,0+40,2+2.582+9.755United Kingdom (b)4,5-0,2+16,51,7+9,1+1,8+1.222+19.063Russian Fed.1,5-27,7-23,73,9-62,8+45,7-444-21.311Switzerland5,2+24,5+14,22,3+39,7+65,1+1.239+12.610Turkey1,8+38,4+40,92,0+7,8+24,4+414+1.171North Africa2,3+20,8+27,43,8+103,4+95,9-2.684-20.984Other African countries1,2+15,5+2,61,5+58,1+72,3-330-5.903North America10,4+22,5+32,03,7+37,9+52,6+4.670+44.731United States9,5+22,4+32,03,3+37,2+57,6+4.385+40.213Central and South America2,9+36,9+27,62,2+14,5+34,8+850+4.726Middle Eastern countries3,5+26,5+28,94,8+11,4+87,3-470-19.823Other Asian countries9,6+16,9+12,614,8+5,6+48,2-1.547-49.313China3,0+17,1+5,08,0-9,0+49,1-1.677-41.065Japan1,4+22,0+7,10,9+18,0+18,0+322+2.826India0,7+17,3+24,21,4+44,0+52,4-152-5.241Oceania and other territories2,3+13,9+18,50,6-14,4-3,0+1.013+11.248OPEC2,9+0,7+26,15,3+75,8+90,4-2.758-29.043MERCOSUR1,1+33,8+16,61,2+28,7+32,9+113-529ASEAN1,5+21,0+16,72,2+19,5+39,8-227-5.811Total47,3+18,2+20,243,3+11,3+54,3+4.084-25.564Calculated on 2021 total foreign trade.lated on 2021 total foreign trade.The preliminary United Kingdom data do not include Northern Ireland (see Methodological Note).Data Sources and legal frameworkThe survey on international trade of goods with non-EU countries is carried out according to the following EU legislation: Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152; Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/1704 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 by further specifying the details for the statistical information to be provided by tax and customs authorities and amending its Annexes V and VI; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/1225 specifying the arrangements for the data exchanges pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 and amending Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197, as regards the Member State of extra-Union export and the obligations of reporting units.The Extrastat monthly survey is carried out processing fiscal-administrative data (Single Administrative Document – SAD) according to statistical definitions and classifications.Since 2000, in accordance with the EU legislation, exports and imports below the exclusion thresholds (commercial transactions values less than 1.000 Euros, starting since 2010) are monthly included as aggregate data.From 1 January 2021, the United Kingdom is no longer part of the customs and tax territory (VAT and excise duties) of the European Union and the economic relations between the two systems, after Brexit, are governed by the agreement reached between the parties on 24 December 2020. However, based on the provisions of the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland – already annexed to the United Kingdom/EU Withdrawal Agreement – in order to avoid a physical border between the two Territories, Northern Ireland remains subject to EU VAT legislation for foreign trade in goods.In terms of foreign trade data collection, this implies that from 1 January 2021 trade flows to and from Great Britain are derived from customs declarations (SAD), those to and from Northern Ireland from Intrastat declarations.Given the different timing of receipt of the Intrastat and Extrastat sources, which does not make available Intrastat declarations at the time of the first publication of foreign trade data for non-EU countries, the preliminary data of the United Kingdom and, therefore, of the non-EU27 area, disseminated in this Press Release, do not include Northern Ireland data. These will be included in the non-EU foreign trade data on the occasion of the first review in the following month and dissemination in the Press Release Foreign trade and import prices.Since September 2011, a new approach for the compilation of external trade statistics on natural gas in gaseous state and electricity has been implemented. Data on physical quantities are monthly collected from reliable sources, while for the other variables required by EU regulations (total trade in values and breakdown of volumes and values by partner countries) new estimation procedures have been developed.Since December 2022, preliminary extra EU27 import data of natural gas in the gaseous state are estimated using quantity data (from Snam Rete Gas S.p.a) and price data (average unit value derived from customs declarations), reffering to the same reference month. This has been made possible thanks to the advance provision of declarations relating to this product by the Italian Customs Agency. It is recalled that, in compliance with the customs obligations on importation of natural gas by pipeline, the customs declarations lodged during the month refer to imports that took place in the previous month. The advance provision, by making the import declarations for the reference month available immediately, allows for more accurate preliminary estimates of import data for this product.Data population and classifications system In compliance with the EU Regulations, the main classifications used in foreign trade statistics are based on the elementary information concerning the type of goods, the statistical partner country and the province of origin or destination of the goods.Trade of goods with non-EU countries is classified by country of origin for imports and country of destination for exports.Geographical and the geo-economic areas are defined according to the Nomenclature of countries and territories for the external trade statistics of the Community and statistics of trade between Member States, known as Geonomenclature.The Combined Nomenclature (CN) is the primary nomenclature for traded goods used by the EU Member States, defined by the European Union and annually updated.Since January 2009, products aggregations are defined according to the classification of the economic activities Ateco 2007, adapted to foreign trade (CPA). Ateco 2007 is the national version of the European nomenclature NACE Rev. 2 published in the Official Journal on 2 December 2006 (Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20/12/2006). Ateco 2007 corresponds to Nace Rev. 2 up to the fourth digit. Data are released according to a timely intermediate breakdown of the sections.In 2003, Istat adopted the classification for economic destination “Main Industrial Groupings (MIGS)”, defined by Commission Regulation n. 586/2001 (Official Journal of the European Communities of 27/03/2001), amended by Regulation (EC) no. 656/2007 of 14/06/2007 following the entry into force of Nace Rev. 2.The Main Industrial Groupings (MIGS) are:Consumer durables;Consumer non-durables;Capital goods;Intermediate goods;Energy.As for Ateco 2007, the MIGS classification has been adapted to the statistics on foreign trade.Data processing Both raw and seasonally adjusted trade values are published. TRAMO-SEATS procedure for Linux (February 2010 version) provides seasonally adjusted data.Since 2012, some substantial process and product innovations have been introduced in the seasonal adjustment procedures, aimed to improving the accuracy of the estimates and providing users with a wider detail of the statistical indicators at main industrial groupings level for the short-term analysis of foreign trade.Seasonally adjusted data are monthly revised. The models are annually reviewed in November, with the final revision of raw data. The TRAMO-SEATS procedure’s specifications used by Istat are available to users under request.In order to manage the discontinuities produced by the Covid-19 crisis on time series, from March 2020 onwards, series were seasonally adjusted following Eurostat guidelines, available in the web page Covid-19: Support for statisticians. From March 2020 onwards, the extraordinary dynamics in extra-EU exports and imports were taken into account by adding additional regressors in the seasonal adjustment models, where statistically significant. With the release of October 2022 final data, the revision of the seasonal adjustment models was carried out.OutputData monthly released include monetary values, year-on-year and month-on-month variations of international trade in goods. Collected or estimated monetary statistical values (Cif, Fob) in current prices are reported.Provisional data are released at approximately 25 days after the end of the reference month.ConfidentialitySince 2000, Istat has defined new procedures for processing and dissemination of confidential data related to foreign trade in goods statistics, according to the current national regulatory framework (Law No. 675/96, Legislative Decrees N. 322/89, 281/99 and 196/03).In particular, the new procedures bring to a significant reduction of the risk of identification, indirect and accidental, of confidential data and, at the same time, limiting the loss of information available for external users.In addition to the protection of confidential information according to the principle of passive confidentiality, Istat provides a specific dissemination plan for international trade of goods at national and territorial level, designed in such a way to reduce the risk of indirect identification of confidential trade. Further information on the protection of privacy is available at the following link https://www.coeweb.istat.itFor technical and methodological informationMirella Morronetel. +39 06 4673.6353mimorron@istat.it