(AGENPARL) – mar 21 febbraio 2023 70 percent less CO2: BMW Group plans to source aluminium from sustainable production in Canada from 2024
– Rio Tinto’s aluminium production relies on local hydroelectric power
– Innovative electrolysis method eliminates all process-related CO2 emissions
– Potential use of up to 50 percent secondary material
– Set to supply US vehicle production at Plant Spartanburg
Munich. The BMW Group is continuing its efforts to systematically reduce CO2 emissions in the supply chain. A particular focus is on CO2-intensive materials like aluminium, steel and plastics. [The BMW Group therefore intends to source aluminium with significantly reduced CO2 emissions from Rio Tinto’s hydro-powered operations in Canada starting in 2024 and has signed a memorandum of understanding to this effect.]Compared to conventionally manufactured aluminium, this approach can save around 70 percent of CO2 emissions. The planned supply volumes will be used exclusively in vehicle production at BMW Group Plant Spartanburg in the US state of South Carolina, in body components like the bonnet, for instance.
“We have clear goals for lowering CO2 emissions in the supply chain. By using innovative materials, we can reduce our vehicles’ carbon footprint – even before handing them over to customers. The agreement to supply low-carbon aluminium is based on several pillars: in addition to hydroelectric power and a high percentage of secondary material, we also want to lead the automotive industry by ramping up our use of aluminium with no direct CO2 emissions from the smelting process,” explains Joachim Post, member of the Board of Management of BMW AG responsible for Purchasing and Supplier Network.
The Honourable François-Philippe Champagne, Canada’s Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry, said: “Canada is a global destination of choice for low-carbon investment. This exciting partnership between BMW and Rio Tinto is proof that Canada is well positioned to seize the economic benefits of the clean economy. I am proud to see that low carbon Canadian aluminum will be going into BMW’s vehicles. Canada will continue to enhance our competitive advantages – abundance of critical minerals, skilled labour, clean energy, proximity to markets – to grow our economy and to support made-in-Canada innovation.”
Owing to its comparatively low weight and other positive material properties, aluminium occupies a firm place in the BMW Group’s intelligent composite construction. In the supply chain of a mid-sized fully-electric vehicle around a quarter of the CO2 emissions are attributable to aluminium. This underlines the tremendous potential of reducing CO2 in the aluminium supply chain.
Innovative manufacturing process
The ELYSIS technology developed for aluminium production is revolutionising the smelting process required for manufacturing. The innovative method uses carbon-free anodes to eliminate all process-related CO2 emissions and was successfully tested at industrial level for the first time in 2021. The BMW Group intends to become one of the first customers to use this technology in standard production.
Other pillars of agreement with Rio Tinto
In addition to the carbon-free process, the agreement also covers aluminium alloys produced using electricity from renewable energy sources, with CO2 emissions that are only a third of the industry average. The aluminium production facilities in Quebec run almost entirely on electricity from six local hydroelectric power stations. As a further contribution to resource conservation, secondary material will be mixed in with the end product to potentially reach up to 50 percent.
The use of Rio Tinto’s blockchain technology also guarantees full traceability of the aluminium, all the way back to the original bauxite mine. This enables end-to-end transparency throughout the supply chain and therefore plays an important part in tracking compliance with environmental and social standards for extraction of raw materials.
If you have any questions, please contact:
BMW Group Corporate Communications
Benedikt Fischer,
Communications Purchasing, Supplier Network, Sustainability
Marc Sauber,
Communications Purchasing, Supplier Network, Sustainability
Media website: http://www.press.bmwgroup.com
The BMW Group
With its four brands BMW, MINI, Rolls-Royce and BMW Motorrad, the BMW Group is the world’s leading premium manufacturer of automobiles and motorcycles and also provides premium financial and mobility services. The BMW Group production network comprises over 30 production sites worldwide; the company has a global sales network in more than 140 countries.
In 2022, the BMW Group sold nearly 2.4 million passenger vehicles and more than 202,000 motorcycles worldwide. The profit before tax in the financial year 2021 was € 16.1 billion on revenues amounting to € 111.2 billion. As of 31 December 2021, the BMW Group had a workforce of 118,909 employees.
The success of the BMW Group has always been based on long-term thinking and responsible action. The company set the course for the future at an early stage and consistently makes sustainability and efficient resource management central to its strategic direction, from the supply chain through production to the end of the use phase of all products.
[www.bmwgroup.com](about:blank)

Testo Allegato:

ĚŁńłŁńijŇķ ĚŁĿĿňŀĻĵijŇĻŁŀŅ
ĤķĶĻij ĠŀĸŁńĿijŇĻŁŀ

’‘ ĝķĴńňijńŌ ’’“

— łķńĵķŀŇ ľķŅŅ ĚĦ
’
 ęĤį ĞńŁňł łľijŀŅ ŇŁ ŅŁňńĵķ ijľňĿĻŀĻňĿ
ĸńŁĿ ŅňŅŇijĻŀijĴľķ łńŁĶňĵŇĻŁŀ Ļŀ ĚijŀijĶij ĸńŁĿ ’’”



ĩĻŁ ĬĻŀŇŁ1Ņ ijľňĿĻŀĻňĿ łńŁĶňĵŇĻŁŀ ńķľĻķŅ Łŀ ľŁĵijľ
ĺŌĶńŁķľķĵŇńĻĵ łŁŊķń


ĠŀŀŁʼnijŇĻʼnķ ķľķĵŇńŁľŌŅĻŅ ĿķŇĺŁĶ ķľĻĿĻŀijŇķŅ ijľľ łńŁĵķŅŅ$
ńķľijŇķĶ ĚĦ
’
ķĿĻŅŅĻŁŀŅ


ħŁŇķŀŇĻijľ ňŅķ Łĸ ňł ŇŁ • łķńĵķŀŇ ŅķĵŁŀĶijńŌ ĿijŇķńĻijľ


ĪķŇ ŇŁ ŅňłłľŌ ĭĪ ʼnķĺĻĵľķ łńŁĶňĵŇĻŁŀ ijŇ ħľijŀŇ
ĪłijńŇijŀĴňńĹ

ĤňŀĻĵĺ

Ĭĺķ ęĤį ĞńŁňł ĻŅ ĵŁŀŇĻŀňĻŀĹ ĻŇŅ ķĸĸŁńŇŅ ŇŁ ŅŌŅŇķĿijŇĻĵijľľŌ ńķĶňĵķ ĚĦ
’

ķĿĻŅŅĻŁŀŅ Ļŀ Ňĺķ ŅňłłľŌ ĵĺijĻŀ Ę łijńŇĻĵňľijń ĸŁĵňŅ ĻŅ Łŀ ĚĦ
’
$ĻŀŇķŀŅĻʼnķ ĿijŇķńĻijľŅ
ľĻĽķ ijľňĿĻŀĻňĿ ŅŇķķľ ijŀĶ łľijŅŇĻĵŅ Ĭĺķ ęĤį ĞńŁňł ŇĺķńķĸŁńķ ĻŀŇķŀĶŅ ŇŁ
ŅŁňńĵķ ijľňĿĻŀĻňĿ ŊĻŇĺ ŅĻĹŀĻĸĻĵijŀŇľŌ ńķĶňĵķĶ ĚĦ
’
ķĿĻŅŅĻŁŀŅ ĸńŁĿ ĩĻŁ ĬĻŀŇŁ1Ņ
ĺŌĶńŁ$łŁŊķńķĶ ŁłķńijŇĻŁŀŅ Ļŀ ĚijŀijĶij ŅŇijńŇĻŀĹ Ļŀ ’’” ijŀĶ ĺijŅ ŅĻĹŀķĶ ij
ĿķĿŁńijŀĶňĿ Łĸ ňŀĶķńŅŇijŀĶĻŀĹ ŇŁ ŇĺĻŅ ķĸĸķĵŇ ĚŁĿłijńķĶ ŇŁ ĵŁŀʼnķŀŇĻŁŀijľľŌ
ĿijŀňĸijĵŇňńķĶ ijľňĿĻŀĻňĿ ŇĺĻŅ ijłłńŁijĵĺ ĵijŀ Ņijʼnķ ijńŁňŀĶ — łķńĵķŀŇ Łĸ ĚĦ
’

ķĿĻŅŅĻŁŀŅ Ĭĺķ łľijŀŀķĶ ŅňłłľŌ ʼnŁľňĿķŅ ŊĻľľ Ĵķ ňŅķĶ ķŋĵľňŅĻʼnķľŌ Ļŀ ʼnķĺĻĵľķ
łńŁĶňĵŇĻŁŀ ijŇ ęĤį ĞńŁňł ħľijŀŇ ĪłijńŇijŀĴňńĹ Ļŀ Ňĺķ ĭĪ ŅŇijŇķ Łĸ ĪŁňŇĺ
ĚijńŁľĻŀij Ļŀ ĴŁĶŌ ĵŁĿłŁŀķŀŇŅ ľĻĽķ Ňĺķ ĴŁŀŀķŇ ĸŁń ĻŀŅŇijŀĵķ

-įķ ĺijʼnķ ĵľķijń ĹŁijľŅ ĸŁń ľŁŊķńĻŀĹ ĚĦ
’
ķĿĻŅŅĻŁŀŅ Ļŀ Ňĺķ ŅňłłľŌ ĵĺijĻŀ ęŌ ňŅĻŀĹ
ĻŀŀŁʼnijŇĻʼnķ ĿijŇķńĻijľŅ Ŋķ ĵijŀ ńķĶňĵķ Łňń ʼnķĺĻĵľķŅ1 ĵijńĴŁŀ ĸŁŁŇłńĻŀŇ % ķʼnķŀ
ĴķĸŁńķ ĺijŀĶĻŀĹ ŇĺķĿ Łʼnķń ŇŁ ĵňŅŇŁĿķńŅ Ĭĺķ ijĹńķķĿķŀŇ ŇŁ ŅňłłľŌ ľŁŊ$ĵijńĴŁŀ
ijľňĿĻŀĻňĿ ĻŅ ĴijŅķĶ Łŀ Ņķʼnķńijľ łĻľľijńŅ Ļŀ ijĶĶĻŇĻŁŀ ŇŁ ĺŌĶńŁķľķĵŇńĻĵ łŁŊķń ijŀĶ ij
ĺĻĹĺ łķńĵķŀŇijĹķ Łĸ ŅķĵŁŀĶijńŌ ĿijŇķńĻijľ Ŋķ ijľŅŁ ŊijŀŇ ŇŁ ľķijĶ Ňĺķ ijňŇŁĿŁŇĻʼnķ
ĻŀĶňŅŇńŌ ĴŌ ńijĿłĻŀĹ ňł Łňń ňŅķ Łĸ ijľňĿĻŀĻňĿ ŊĻŇĺ ŀŁ ĶĻńķĵŇ ĚĦ
’
ķĿĻŅŅĻŁŀŅ
ĸńŁĿ Ňĺķ ŅĿķľŇĻŀĹ łńŁĵķŅŅ. ķŋłľijĻŀŅ ġŁijĵĺĻĿ ħŁŅŇ ĿķĿĴķń Łĸ Ňĺķ ęŁijńĶ Łĸ
ĤijŀijĹķĿķŀŇ Łĸ ęĤį ĘĞ ńķŅłŁŀŅĻĴľķ ĸŁń ħňńĵĺijŅĻŀĹ ijŀĶ ĪňłłľĻķń ĥķŇŊŁńĽ

Ĭĺķ ğŁŀŁňńijĴľķ ĝńijŀűŁĻŅ$ħĺĻľĻłłķ ĚĺijĿłijĹŀķ ĚijŀijĶij1Ņ ĤĻŀĻŅŇķń Łĸ
ĠŀŀŁʼnijŇĻŁŀ ĪĵĻķŀĵķ ijŀĶ ĠŀĶňŅŇńŌ ŅijĻĶ -ĚijŀijĶij ĻŅ ij ĹľŁĴijľ ĶķŅŇĻŀijŇĻŁŀ Łĸ
ĚŁĿłijŀŌ
ęijŌķńĻŅĵĺķ
ĤŁŇŁńķŀ įķńĽķ
ĘĽŇĻķŀĹķŅķľľŅĵĺijĸŇ

ħŁŅŇijľ ijĶĶńķŅŅ
ęĤį ĘĞ
˜—˜˜ ĤȒŀĵĺķŀ

ĬķľķłĺŁŀķ
î”™ ˜™$“˜’$––˜˜—

ĠŀŇķńŀķŇ
ŊŊŊĴĿŊĹńŁňłĵŁĿ

ĤķĶĻij ĠŀĸŁńĿijŇĻŁŀ

ěijŇķ

’
‘

ĝķĴńňijńŌ ’’“

ĪňĴļķĵŇ

— łķńĵķŀŇ ľķŅŅ ĚĦ
’
 ęĤį ĞńŁňł łľijŀŅ ŇŁ ŅŁňńĵķ ijľňĿĻŀĻňĿ ĸńŁĿ ŅňŅŇijĻŀijĴľķ łńŁĶňĵŇĻŁŀ

Ļŀ ĚijŀijĶij ĸńŁĿ ’’”

ħijĹķ

’

ĚŁńłŁńijŇķ ĚŁĿĿňŀĻĵijŇĻŁŀŅ
ĵĺŁĻĵķ ĸŁń ľŁŊ$ĵijńĴŁŀ ĻŀʼnķŅŇĿķŀŇ ĬĺĻŅ ķŋĵĻŇĻŀĹ łijńŇŀķńŅĺĻł ĴķŇŊķķŀ ęĤį
ijŀĶ ĩĻŁ ĬĻŀŇŁ ĻŅ łńŁŁĸ ŇĺijŇ ĚijŀijĶij ĻŅ Ŋķľľ łŁŅĻŇĻŁŀķĶ ŇŁ ŅķĻōķ Ňĺķ ķĵŁŀŁĿĻĵ
ĴķŀķĸĻŇŅ Łĸ Ňĺķ ĵľķijŀ ķĵŁŀŁĿŌ Ġ ijĿ łńŁňĶ ŇŁ Ņķķ ŇĺijŇ ľŁŊ ĵijńĴŁŀ ĚijŀijĶĻijŀ
ijľňĿĻŀňĿ ŊĻľľ Ĵķ ĹŁĻŀĹ ĻŀŇŁ ęĤį1Ņ ʼnķĺĻĵľķŅ ĚijŀijĶij ŊĻľľ ĵŁŀŇĻŀňķ ŇŁ ķŀĺijŀĵķ
Łňń ĵŁĿłķŇĻŇĻʼnķ ijĶʼnijŀŇijĹķŅ % ijĴňŀĶijŀĵķ Łĸ ĵńĻŇĻĵijľ ĿĻŀķńijľŅ ŅĽĻľľķĶ ľijĴŁňń
ĵľķijŀ ķŀķńĹŌ łńŁŋĻĿĻŇŌ ŇŁ ĿijńĽķŇŅ % ŇŁ ĹńŁŊ Łňń ķĵŁŀŁĿŌ ijŀĶ ŇŁ ŅňłłŁńŇ
ĿijĶķ$Ļŀ$ĚijŀijĶij ĻŀŀŁʼnijŇĻŁŀ.

ĦŊĻŀĹ ŇŁ ĻŇŅ ĵŁĿłijńijŇĻʼnķľŌ ľŁŊ ŊķĻĹĺŇ ijŀĶ ŁŇĺķń łŁŅĻŇĻʼnķ ĿijŇķńĻijľ łńŁłķńŇĻķŅ
ijľňĿĻŀĻňĿ ŁĵĵňłĻķŅ ij ĸĻńĿ łľijĵķ Ļŀ Ňĺķ ęĤį ĞńŁňł1Ņ ĻŀŇķľľĻĹķŀŇ ĵŁĿłŁŅĻŇķ
ĵŁŀŅŇńňĵŇĻŁŀ Ġŀ Ňĺķ ŅňłłľŌ ĵĺijĻŀ Łĸ ij ĿĻĶ$ŅĻōķĶ ĸňľľŌ$ķľķĵŇńĻĵ ʼnķĺĻĵľķ ijńŁňŀĶ ij
ŃňijńŇķń Łĸ Ňĺķ ĚĦ
’
ķĿĻŅŅĻŁŀŅ ijńķ ijŇŇńĻĴňŇijĴľķ ŇŁ ijľňĿĻŀĻňĿ ĬĺĻŅ ňŀĶķńľĻŀķŅ
Ňĺķ ŇńķĿķŀĶŁňŅ łŁŇķŀŇĻijľ Łĸ ńķĶňĵĻŀĹ ĚĦ
’
Ļŀ Ňĺķ ijľňĿĻŀĻňĿ ŅňłłľŌ ĵĺijĻŀ

ĠŀŀŁʼnijŇĻʼnķ ĿijŀňĸijĵŇňńĻŀĹ łńŁĵķŅŅ
Ĭĺķ ĜģıĪĠĪ ŇķĵĺŀŁľŁĹŌ ĶķʼnķľŁłķĶ ĸŁń ijľňĿĻŀĻňĿ łńŁĶňĵŇĻŁŀ ĻŅ ńķʼnŁľňŇĻŁŀĻŅĻŀĹ
Ňĺķ ŅĿķľŇĻŀĹ łńŁĵķŅŅ ńķŃňĻńķĶ ĸŁń ĿijŀňĸijĵŇňńĻŀĹ Ĭĺķ ĻŀŀŁʼnijŇĻʼnķ ĿķŇĺŁĶ ňŅķŅ
ĵijńĴŁŀ$ĸńķķ ijŀŁĶķŅ ŇŁ ķľĻĿĻŀijŇķ ijľľ łńŁĵķŅŅ$ńķľijŇķĶ ĚĦ
’
ķĿĻŅŅĻŁŀŅ ijŀĶ ŊijŅ
ŅňĵĵķŅŅĸňľľŌ ŇķŅŇķĶ ijŇ ĻŀĶňŅŇńĻijľ ľķʼnķľ ĸŁń Ňĺķ ĸĻńŅŇ ŇĻĿķ Ļŀ ’’‘ Ĭĺķ ęĤį
ĞńŁňł ĻŀŇķŀĶŅ ŇŁ ĴķĵŁĿķ Łŀķ Łĸ Ňĺķ ĸĻńŅŇ ĵňŅŇŁĿķńŅ ŇŁ ňŅķ ŇĺĻŅ ŇķĵĺŀŁľŁĹŌ Ļŀ
ŅŇijŀĶijńĶ łńŁĶňĵŇĻŁŀ

ĦŇĺķń łĻľľijńŅ Łĸ ijĹńķķĿķŀŇ ŊĻŇĺ ĩĻŁ ĬĻŀŇŁ
Ġŀ ijĶĶĻŇĻŁŀ ŇŁ Ňĺķ ĵijńĴŁŀ$ĸńķķ łńŁĵķŅŅ Ňĺķ ijĹńķķĿķŀŇ ijľŅŁ ĵŁʼnķńŅ ijľňĿĻŀĻňĿ
ijľľŁŌŅ łńŁĶňĵķĶ ňŅĻŀĹ ķľķĵŇńĻĵĻŇŌ ĸńŁĿ ńķŀķŊijĴľķ ķŀķńĹŌ ŅŁňńĵķŅ ŊĻŇĺ ĚĦ
’

ķĿĻŅŅĻŁŀŅ ŇĺijŇ ijńķ ŁŀľŌ ij ŇĺĻńĶ Łĸ Ňĺķ ĻŀĶňŅŇńŌ ijʼnķńijĹķ Ĭĺķ ijľňĿĻŀĻňĿ
łńŁĶňĵŇĻŁŀ ĸijĵĻľĻŇĻķŅ Ļŀ ĨňķĴķĵ ńňŀ ijľĿŁŅŇ ķŀŇĻńķľŌ Łŀ ķľķĵŇńĻĵĻŇŌ ĸńŁĿ ŅĻŋ ľŁĵijľ
ĺŌĶńŁķľķĵŇńĻĵ łŁŊķń ŅŇijŇĻŁŀŅ ĘŅ ij ĸňńŇĺķń ĵŁŀŇńĻĴňŇĻŁŀ ŇŁ ńķŅŁňńĵķ
ĵŁŀŅķńʼnijŇĻŁŀ ŅķĵŁŀĶijńŌ ĿijŇķńĻijľ ŊĻľľ Ĵķ ĿĻŋķĶ Ļŀ ŊĻŇĺ Ňĺķ ķŀĶ łńŁĶňĵŇ ŇŁ
łŁŇķŀŇĻijľľŌ ńķijĵĺ ňł ŇŁ • łķńĵķŀŇ

ĤķĶĻij ĠŀĸŁńĿijŇĻŁŀ

ěijŇķ

’
‘

ĝķĴńňijńŌ ’’“

ĪňĴļķĵŇ

— łķńĵķŀŇ ľķŅŅ ĚĦ
’
 ęĤį ĞńŁňł łľijŀŅ ŇŁ ŅŁňńĵķ ijľňĿĻŀĻňĿ ĸńŁĿ ŅňŅŇijĻŀijĴľķ łńŁĶňĵŇĻŁŀ

Ļŀ ĚijŀijĶij ĸńŁĿ ’’”

ħijĹķ

“

ĚŁńłŁńijŇķ ĚŁĿĿňŀĻĵijŇĻŁŀŅ
Ĭĺķ ňŅķ Łĸ ĩĻŁ ĬĻŀŇŁ1Ņ ĴľŁĵĽĵĺijĻŀ ŇķĵĺŀŁľŁĹŌ ijľŅŁ ĹňijńijŀŇķķŅ ĸňľľ ŇńijĵķijĴĻľĻŇŌ
Łĸ Ňĺķ ijľňĿĻŀĻňĿ ijľľ Ňĺķ ŊijŌ ĴijĵĽ ŇŁ Ňĺķ ŁńĻĹĻŀijľ ĴijňŋĻŇķ ĿĻŀķ ĬĺĻŅ ķŀijĴľķŅ
ķŀĶ$ŇŁ$ķŀĶ ŇńijŀŅłijńķŀĵŌ ŇĺńŁňĹĺŁňŇ Ňĺķ ŅňłłľŌ ĵĺijĻŀ ijŀĶ ŇĺķńķĸŁńķ łľijŌŅ ijŀ
ĻĿłŁńŇijŀŇ łijńŇ Ļŀ ŇńijĵĽĻŀĹ ĵŁĿłľĻijŀĵķ ŊĻŇĺ ķŀʼnĻńŁŀĿķŀŇijľ ijŀĶ ŅŁĵĻijľ
ŅŇijŀĶijńĶŅ ĸŁń ķŋŇńijĵŇĻŁŀ Łĸ ńijŊ ĿijŇķńĻijľŅ

Ġĸ ŌŁň ĺijʼnķ ijŀŌ ŃňķŅŇĻŁŀŅ łľķijŅķ ĵŁŀŇijĵŇ

ęĤį ĞńŁňł ĚŁńłŁńijŇķ ĚŁĿĿňŀĻĵijŇĻŁŀŅ
ęķŀķĶĻĽŇ ĝĻŅĵĺķń
ĚŁĿĿňŀĻĵijŇĻŁŀŅ ħňńĵĺijŅĻŀĹ ĪňłłľĻķń ĥķŇŊŁńĽ ĪňŅŇijĻŀijĴĻľĻŇŌ
ĜĿijĻľ
ęķŀķĶĻĽŇĝĻŅĵĺķńĆĴĿŊĹńŁňłĵŁĿ
 Ĭķľ î”™$˜™$“˜’$––˜˜—
Ĥijńĵ ĪijňĴķń
ĚŁĿĿňŀĻĵijŇĻŁŀŅ ħňńĵĺijŅĻŀĹ ĪňłłľĻķń ĥķŇŊŁńĽ ĪňŅŇijĻŀijĴĻľĻŇŌ
ĜĿijĻľ
ĤijńĵĪijňĴķńĆĴĿŊĹńŁňłĵŁĿ
Ĭķľ î”™$˜™$“˜’$•’“’’
ĤķĶĻij ŊķĴŅĻŇķ
ŊŊŊłńķŅŅĴĿŊĹńŁňłĵŁĿ

ĜĿijĻľ
łńķŅŅķĆĴĿŊĹńŁňłĵŁĿ

Ĭĺķ ęĤį ĞńŁňł

įĻŇĺ ĻŇŅ ĸŁňń ĴńijŀĶŅ ęĤį ĤĠĥĠ ĩŁľľŅ$ĩŁŌĵķ ijŀĶ ęĤį ĤŁŇŁńńijĶ Ňĺķ ęĤį ĞńŁňł ĻŅ Ňĺķ ŊŁńľĶ1Ņ ľķijĶĻŀĹ
łńķĿĻňĿ ĿijŀňĸijĵŇňńķń Łĸ ijňŇŁĿŁĴĻľķŅ ijŀĶ ĿŁŇŁńĵŌĵľķŅ ijŀĶ ijľŅŁ łńŁʼnĻĶķŅ łńķĿĻňĿ ĸĻŀijŀĵĻijľ ijŀĶ ĿŁĴĻľĻŇŌ
ŅķńʼnĻĵķŅ Ĭĺķ ęĤį ĞńŁňł łńŁĶňĵŇĻŁŀ ŀķŇŊŁńĽ ĵŁĿłńĻŅķŅ Łʼnķń “ łńŁĶňĵŇĻŁŀ ŅĻŇķŅ ŊŁńľĶŊĻĶķ Ňĺķ
ĵŁĿłijŀŌ ĺijŅ ij ĹľŁĴijľ ŅijľķŅ ŀķŇŊŁńĽ Ļŀ ĿŁńķ Ňĺijŀ ‘” ĵŁňŀŇńĻķŅ

Ġŀ ’’’ Ňĺķ ęĤį ĞńŁňł ŅŁľĶ ŀķijńľŌ ’” ĿĻľľĻŁŀ łijŅŅķŀĹķń ʼnķĺĻĵľķŅ ijŀĶ ĿŁńķ Ňĺijŀ ’’ ĿŁŇŁńĵŌĵľķŅ
ŊŁńľĶŊĻĶķ Ĭĺķ łńŁĸĻŇ ĴķĸŁńķ Ňijŋ Ļŀ Ňĺķ ĸĻŀijŀĵĻijľ Ōķijń ’’‘ ŊijŅ Ċ ‘–‘ ĴĻľľĻŁŀ Łŀ ńķʼnķŀňķŅ ijĿŁňŀŇĻŀĹ ŇŁ
Ċ ‘‘‘’ ĴĻľľĻŁŀ ĘŅ Łĸ “‘ ěķĵķĿĴķń ’’‘ Ňĺķ ęĤį ĞńŁňł ĺijĶ ij ŊŁńĽĸŁńĵķ Łĸ ‘‘˜™™ ķĿłľŁŌķķŅ

Ĭĺķ ŅňĵĵķŅŅ Łĸ Ňĺķ ęĤį ĞńŁňł ĺijŅ ijľŊijŌŅ Ĵķķŀ ĴijŅķĶ Łŀ ľŁŀĹ$ŇķńĿ ŇĺĻŀĽĻŀĹ ijŀĶ ńķŅłŁŀŅĻĴľķ ijĵŇĻŁŀ
Ĭĺķ ĵŁĿłijŀŌ ŅķŇ Ňĺķ ĵŁňńŅķ ĸŁń Ňĺķ ĸňŇňńķ ijŇ ijŀ ķijńľŌ ŅŇijĹķ ijŀĶ ĵŁŀŅĻŅŇķŀŇľŌ ĿijĽķŅ ŅňŅŇijĻŀijĴĻľĻŇŌ ijŀĶ
ķĸĸĻĵĻķŀŇ ńķŅŁňńĵķ ĿijŀijĹķĿķŀŇ ĵķŀŇńijľ ŇŁ ĻŇŅ ŅŇńijŇķĹĻĵ ĶĻńķĵŇĻŁŀ ĸńŁĿ Ňĺķ ŅňłłľŌ ĵĺijĻŀ ŇĺńŁňĹĺ łńŁĶňĵŇĻŁŀ
ŇŁ Ňĺķ ķŀĶ Łĸ Ňĺķ ňŅķ łĺijŅķ Łĸ ijľľ łńŁĶňĵŇŅ

ŊŊŊĴĿŊĹńŁňłĵŁĿ

ĝijĵķĴŁŁĽ
ĺŇŇłŊŊŊĸijĵķĴŁŁĽĵŁĿęĤįĞńŁňł

ĬŊĻŇŇķń
ĺŇŇłŇŊĻŇŇķńĵŁĿęĤįĞńŁňł

ıŁňĬňĴķ
ĺŇŇłŊŊŊŌŁňŇňĴķĵŁĿęĤįĞńŁňłĮĻķŊ

ĠŀŅŇijĹńijĿ
ĺŇŇłŅŊŊŊĻŀŅŇijĹńijĿĵŁĿĴĿŊĹńŁňł

ģĻŀĽķĶĠŀ
ĺŇŇłŅŊŊŊľĻŀĽķĶĻŀĵŁĿĵŁĿłijŀŌĴĿŊ$ĹńŁňł