(AGENPARL) – SOUTHAMPTON gio 23 giugno 2022

The great speed and magnitude of warming mean that the PETM event is often considered as an ancient analogue for understanding present-day warming, even though the mechanism is completely different.

“Despite the importance and wider relevance of the PETM to global change today, the underlying cause is highly debated” says Dr Tom Gernon, an Associate Professor of Earth Science at the University of Southampton and lead author of the study. “It’s generally agreed that a sudden and massive release of the greenhouse gas, carbon, from the Earth’s interior must have driven this event, yet the scale and pace of warming is very hard to explain by conventional volcanic processes.”

Using archives of rock drilled beneath the seafloor near the edge of the Atlantic Ocean, the team found critical evidence for an abrupt and widespread episode of volcanic activity across the North Atlantic Ocean that lasted just over 200,000 years, strikingly similar to the duration of the PETM.

This finding prompted the team to investigate a broader expanse of the North Atlantic region, including Greenland and the Faroe Islands. Here, they found that kilometre-thick piles of lava that started to erupt just before the PETM show unusual compositions that point to a significant increase in the amount of melting of the uppermost solid part of Earth’s mantle beneath the continent.

“This finding is significant, because we know that parts of the continental mantle in this region are enriched in carbonates, a major source of carbon”, explains Dr Gernon. “This rapid increase in mantle melting likely released a very large volume of carbon – certainly more than we had previously expected”.

The intense volcanic activity occurred just as the continental landmass that united Greenland and Europe was most intensely stretched by plate tectonic forces. Eventually, North America and Greenland finally separated from Europe, leading to the birth of the North Atlantic Ocean. The scientists believe it was this final phase of stretching that brought about substantial melting in the Earth’s mantle, leading to massive carbon release, and in-turn, global warming.

The team used a range of different models to estimate how much carbon could have been released via this process. “Using physically realistic estimates of the key characteristics of these volcanic systems, we show that the amount of carbon needed to drive warming could have been attained by enhanced melting” says Dr Thea Hincks, Senior Research Fellow at the University of Southampton and co-author on the study.

The scientists conclude that rapid gas release from the solid Earth plays a major role in driving abrupt warming events like the PETM, which are very likely to have occurred during many other times in Earth history. “Such rapid events cause a fundamental reorganization of Earth’s surface environment, altering vast ecosystems”, concludes Dr Gernon.

Fonte/Source: https://www.southampton.ac.uk/home/news/2022/06/ancient-warming.page